91制片厂

1965-09-21

Chapter 1: General Provisions

 

Article 1

Subject to the provisions of Decree No. 2516 of 14 November 1959 regarding the regulations of the Faculty of Law of the 91制片厂 and the provisions of the Law on the Organization of Higher Education promulgated on 26 December 1961, the system of courses and examinations leading to the Bachelor of Laws in Lebanese Law at the Faculty of Law, Economics, and Political Science (FLEPS) 鈥� Branch 2 of the 91制片厂 is subject to the provisions of the following articles of this decree.

 

Article 2

The duration of studies is set at four years, at the end of which successful students are awarded the Bachelor鈥檚 degree in Lebanese Law.

The curriculum includes theoretical courses and practical work. Instruction is provided in Arabic and French, and exams are conducted in both languages in accordance with the provisions of this decree:

 

Chapter 2: Instruction

 

Article 3

The number of theoretical instruction hours is set at 80 for annual courses and 40 for semester-long courses for each year of study.

As for practical work, it is conducted twice a week for each of the four years, at a rate of one and a half hours per session.

 

Article 4

The first-year curriculum includes the following subjects:

A. Required theoretical subjects:

- Introduction to the Study of Family Law: annual course.

- Constitutional Law and Political Systems: annual course.

- General Political Economy: annual course.

- History of political systems and social events in Antiquity and the Middle Ages in the Mediterranean basin: annual course.

B. Optional theoretical subjects:

The student chooses one of the following two groups of subjects:

First group:

1- Introduction to political sociology: semester-long course.

2- International systems: semester-long course.

Second group:

1- Statistics

2- Mathematics for Economics

C. Practical courses:

Students choose two of the following courses or groups of courses:

1- Introduction to the Study of Family Law.

2- Constitutional Law and Political Systems.

3- General Political Economy.

4- Statistics and Mathematics for Economics.

 

Article 5

The second-year curriculum includes the following courses:

A. Theoretical courses:

- Civil Law (General Theory of Obligations): one-year course

- Administrative Law (Organization and Administrative Acts): one-year course

- General Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure: one-year course

- General Political Economy: one-year course

- Public Finance: one-year course

- Comparative history of modern political regimes in the Mediterranean basin: semester-long course.

B. Practical courses:

These courses include practical work in civil law and administrative law.

 

Article 6

The curriculum for the third year includes the following subjects:

A. Required theoretical subjects:

- Commercial law (general study, corporations, banking, and the stock market): annual course

- Labor Law and Social Security: annual course

- Social Sciences and Their Methods: semester-long course

- Civil Liberties: semester-long course

- Criminology and Penology: semester-long course

- Comparative History of Obligations: semester-long course

B. Optional Theoretical Courses:

The student chooses one of the following two groups of subjects:

First group:

Civil Law (Private Contracts): annual course

2- General Theory of the Foundations of Civil Procedure: semester-long course

Second group:

1- Public International Law: annual course

2- Administrative Law (Public Property, Public Works, Expropriation, Sanitation): semester-long course

C. Practical Training Subjects:

This training focuses on commercial law and civil law or public international law.

 

Article 7

The fourth-year program is divided into two parts:

Part one: Students may choose between two tracks: private law and public law.

Private Law Track:

A. Theoretical Instruction:

- Civil Law (matrimonial regimes, inheritance, gifts): annual course

- Commercial law (commercial securities), commercial contracts, bankruptcy, tax law of commercial transactions: annual course

- Private international law: semester-long course

- Maritime and aviation law: semester-long course

B. Practical training:

This training includes practical work in civil law.

Public law program:

A. Theoretical instruction:

- Public interests and national institutions: annual course

- History of political ideas: annual course

- Maritime and aviation law: semester-long course

- Regional organizations: semester-long course

B. Practical instruction:

This instruction includes practical exercises on public interests and national institutions

Part two: It comprises a specialization program covering the following subjects:

A. Theoretical instruction:

- Law of Arab Countries: semester-long course

- Law of Religious Communities: semester-long course

- Real Estate and Waqf Law: semester-long course

- Special Criminal Law (Offenses and Penalties): semester-long course

- Code of Civil Procedure: semester-long course

- Public Service Law: semester-long course.

 

Article 8

The subjects of Lebanese law specified in Decree No. 9801 of 7 July 1955, as amended by Decree No. 15923 of 22 May 1957, are incorporated into the corresponding subjects specified in Articles 4, 5, 6, and 7 above. The examination covers each of the subjects of the aforementioned Lebanese laws and the corresponding subject of the general law curriculum, in Arabic, French, or both languages, in accordance with the provisions of the following articles:

 

Chapter 3: Examinations

 

Article 9

Students are required to take an examination at the end of each academic year and may not advance to the following year if they do not pass this examination.

There are two exam sessions during the academic year: the first in June and the second in October.

The faculty administration sets the location and date for each session in agreement with the President of the 91制片厂.

 

Article 10

The exam is conducted in Arabic and French; it consists of written and oral components, and passing the written exam is a prerequisite for taking the oral exam, in accordance with the provisions of this decree.

The exam is conducted in French in accordance with the regulations of the FLEPS in Beirut, which is responsible for managing the FLEPS 鈥� Branch 2 of the 91制片厂.

The exam in Arabic is subject to the provisions of this decree.

The written exam in Arabic covers the following subjects:

- Constitutional Law

- Public Service Law

- Law of Religious Communities

- Criminal Law

- Financial Law or Commercial Law, as determined by the faculty administration with the approval of the University Council

- General Theory of Obligations

- Real Estate Law and Waqf Law

- Civil Procedure

- History of law in Arab countries in the modern era

The oral examination is conducted in Arabic on the following subjects:

- Administrative law

- General criminal code

- Criminal procedure

- Civil law (civil status)

- Labor law and social security

The examination is conducted in French in accordance with the regulations of the FLEPS responsible for Branch 2 affairs.

 

Article 11

The results of the written and oral examinations are announced by a committee composed of, under the chairmanship of the President of the 91制片厂 or his representative, representatives of the faculty administration, the graders of the written examinations, and the examiners of the oral examinations. The committee may consult the annual grade book of each student participating in the examination.

A detailed copy of the exam results is forwarded to the central administration of the 91制片厂.

 

Article 12

The duration of the exam is three hours. The chair of the examination board, in collaboration with the faculty administration, drafts the questions for each exam in Arabic half an hour before the start of the exam; these questions remain confidential until they are presented to the students.

In research exams, the student may choose between two topics and address one of them; in practical exams, a single mandatory topic is provided. If the topic of the first-year practical exams concerns statistics and mathematics, the question may cover one of these two subjects or both.

The President of the 91制片厂 appoints the proctors for the exams conducted in Arabic; in each room, a supervisor is responsible for proctoring and ensuring the smooth conduct of these written exams.

The exam supervisor signs the exams upon receiving them from the students and seals them to ensure they remain inaccessible. A faculty representative co-signs with the supervisor.

Once received, the exam papers are placed in a sealed envelope stamped with the seal of the 91制片厂鈥檚 central administration, then handed over to the chair of the committee, who opens it in the presence of a faculty representative and signs or initials each paper before handing it over to the graders.

Exam papers remain sealed, and the names of the students may only be disclosed within the examination committee and after their grades have been definitively assigned, in accordance with the following:

The exam paper is submitted to two graders: the professor of the subject and, in the event of the professor鈥檚 absence, a person designated by the faculty administration to replace him or her, as well as another grader designated by the President of the 91制片厂.

The grade is assigned on a scale of zero to twenty, and the final grade is determined by mutual agreement between the graders and signed by them after being recorded in numerals and letters on the exam paper itself. In the event of a disagreement, the examination committee settles the dispute, and in such cases, the committee signs the grade.

The chair of the committee, its members, and the proctors mentioned in this article shall receive the examination allowances provided for by the regulations in force.

 

Article 13

Grades for oral exams are awarded on a scale of 20 for year-long courses and on a scale of 10 for semester-long courses, regardless of whether the exam is conducted in Arabic or French.

The French exam is conducted before the course instructor and, in the instructor鈥檚 absence, before an examiner designated by the faculty administration; as for exams in Arabic, they are conducted jointly by the professor of the subject and another examiner designated by the President of the 91制片厂.

 

Article 14

The written exam for the first, second, and third years consists of two essays, the first in Arabic and the second in French, as well as a practical exercise in French.

The Arabic-language exam covers constitutional law in the first year, civil law (general theory of obligations) in the second year, and commercial law or financial legislation in the third year, in accordance with the provisions of Article 10. The French-language exam covers a subject that the student did not choose during the academic year for practical work.

The practical exam is conducted in French and covers a subject or a set of subjects (such as statistics and mathematics, for example) that the student has chosen during the academic year as the subject for the practical exam.

 

Article 15

The minimum passing grade for the written exam is 10 out of 20 for the essay in Arabic and 20 out of 40 for the combined essay and practical work exams in French.

The written exam grade is the sum of the grades from the three exams.

 

Article 16

The student may take a makeup exam in accordance with university practices.

 

Article 17

If the student has passed all written exams during the June session but has failed the oral exams or did not take them, they will take only the oral exams during the October session, and the grades obtained on the written exams during the first session will be included in the overall grade.

If the student passes one of the two written exams in Arabic or French during the June session, they will only retake the written exam during the October session in the language in which they failed in June.

However, if the student passes the written exams or part thereof during the October session, they may only benefit from this for that same session.

 

Article 18

The oral exam is conducted in Arabic and French during the first, second, and third years.

The Arabic-language exam covers civil law in the first year; administrative law, the Penal Code, and rules of criminal procedure in the second year; and labor law and social security in the third year.

The examination is conducted in French for all subjects that have not been the subject of a written examination in that language.

 

Article 19

Subject to the provisions of Article 13 of this decree, a student鈥檚 final success in the examinations of the first three years is subject to the following conditions:

First: that they achieve the average of all grades from the written and oral exams they take in Arabic

Second: that they achieve the average of all grades from the written exams in Arabic and French and the oral exams in French.

 

Article 20

If, during the June session, a student achieves one of the grade point averages required in the preceding article, that average will be counted toward the October session, and the student will then be required to achieve only the other average.

 

Article 21

The overall grade consists of the sum of the written and oral grades obtained by the student in the courses taken in Arabic or French. The minimum passing grades and academic ranks are determined in accordance with the regulations in force at the 91制片厂.

 

Article 22

If a student fails four exam sessions in the first year, he or she is not permitted to sit a fifth session. The decision to fail the student in the fourth session is made following an individual interview during which the committee reviews the student鈥檚 file. A note is included in the exam minutes stating that this specific consultation took place.

 

Article 23

The fourth-year examinations are divided into two distinct parts. The first part consists of a degree in private law or a degree in public law, with the student choosing one or the other. The second part consists of a specialization degree in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of this decree.

 

Article 24

The examinations for the first part referred to in the preceding article are conducted in French, whether the diploma is in private law or public law. The written examination consists of a practical test in civil law for the private law diploma and a practical test in public law and national institutions for the public law diploma. The examination is oral for the three other subjects comprising each diploma.

Passing the written exam is a prerequisite for sitting the oral exam.

 

Article 25

The exams for the second part (specialization degree) are written and conducted in Arabic for all subjects. To pass, the student must achieve an overall average of all grades; any grade below seven out of twenty is considered a failing grade.

 

Article 26

If a student passes the written exams for one of the degrees in the first section of the fourth year during the June session, these results are counted for that session and for the following October session; however, if the student passes these written exams during the October session, these results are counted only for that session.

If the student definitively passes the written and oral examinations of the second section, he or she is considered definitively and independently admitted to that section, but the Lebanese law degree is not awarded until he or she has definitively passed the other section.

 

Article 27

This decree applies starting with the 1965鈥�1966 academic year for the first, second, and third years, and starting with the 1966 -1967 for the fourth year, and the provisions of Decree No. 9701 of 7 July 1955, as amended by Decree No. 15293 of 22 May 1957, are repealed as of the aforementioned dates.

 

Article 28

With regard to the examinations for the Bachelor of Laws in Lebanese law provided for by Decree No. 9801 of 7 July 1955, as amended by Decree No. 15923 of 22 May 1957, a second examiner, appointed by the President of the 91制片厂, shall participate in the grading of the written and oral examinations alongside the professor of the subject, during the October 1965 session for all four years of the bachelor鈥檚 degree, and during the two sessions of the 1965鈥�1966 academic year for the fourth year only. The President of the 91制片厂 or the person he designates shall serve as chair of the examination committee for the subjects specified in the aforementioned decrees.

 

Chapter 4: Special Provisions

 

Article 29

Subject to the provisions of Articles 20 and 21 of the Law on the Organization of Higher Education promulgated on 26 December 1961, students who have passed the examinations for the first, second, third, or fourth year of studies leading to a French law degree or an equivalent diploma, and who wish to obtain the Lebanese law degree, are subject to a special regime in accordance with the provisions of the following articles:

 

Article 30

If the student has passed the first-, second-, third-, or fourth-year exams for the French law degree or its equivalent, he or she may enroll in the second, third, or fourth year of the Lebanese law degree. However, in order to be eligible to take any of the exam sessions in the year in which they enroll, they must have passed, during a previous session of the same year or another year, a supplementary exam in Arabic covering Lebanese law.

A special session may be organized during the month of February to administer the supplementary exam referred to in the preceding paragraph.

 

Article 31

The supplementary examination consists of written and oral components, with passing the written component being a prerequisite for taking the oral component. The subjects and syllabi for the examinations are determined by decision of the faculty administration and approved by the University Council.

 

Article 32

If the student holds a bachelor鈥檚 degree in French law or an equivalent degree, he or she must complete a full academic year at the faculty, at the end of which he or she shall sit the specialized bachelor鈥檚 degree examinations provided for in Article 25 of this decree, provided that he or she has passed, in a previous session, the supplementary examination provided for in Articles 30 and 31 of this decree.

 

Article 33

The regulations governing regular examinations apply to examinations under the special program.

 

Article 34

The provisions of this decree relating to the special program shall apply as of the 1965鈥�1966 academic year.

 

Article 35

All texts contrary to the provisions of this decree or incompatible with its content are hereby repealed.

 

Article 36

This decree shall enter into force upon its publication.

 

Beirut, on 21 September 1965

 

Signed: Charles Helou

Published by the President of the Republic